Mac Expert 1995 Winter/Mac Expert - Winter 95.iso/Les fichiers/Tidbits/Tidbits 201 à 280/TidBITS#233⁄04-Jul-94

Text File | 1994-07-05 | 29.3 KB | 611 lines | [TEXT/ttxt]

TidBITS#233/04-Jul-94
=====================

In honor of Independence Day, we have two essays about issues
   surrounding personal freedoms, copyright and encryption. If more
   technical information is to your liking, Mark Anbinder reports
   on the LaserWriter 810 coming off the disabled list and a new
   company being formed from the old Advanced Software. Finally,
   an article talking about all of Apple's Internet resources
   fills out the issue.

This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:
* APS Technologies -- 800/443-4199 -- <[e-mail]>
   Makers of hard drives, tape drives, and neat accessories.
   For APS price lists, email: <[e-mail]>

Copyright 1990-1994 Adam & Tonya Engst. Details at end of issue.
   Automated info: <[e-mail]> Comments: <[e-mail]>
   --------------------------------------------------------------

Topics:
    MailBITS/04-Jul-94
    LaserWriter Taken Off Suspension
    Apple Internet Plans?
    Prairie Group Grows
    Encryption Quagmire Ahead For Education?
    Your Work On TV? A View From The USA
    Reviews/04-Jul-94

[Archived as /info-mac/per/tb/tidbits-233.etx; 30K]


MailBITS/04-Jul-94
------------------
  Sorry this issue is a day late. Between Independence Day (a solemn
  American holiday during which we attempt to affirm our proud
  heritage by blowing things up) and finishing the second edition of
  Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh, there wasn't time. Also, I
  accidentally let a title slip through in TidBITS-232_ with a
  too-long underline. Easy View users may not have noticed Mark's
  OneWorld review in TidBITS-232_. Sorry! [ACE]


**Software and Support** -- We've been thinking about the
  relationship between good software design and technical support,
  and rather than blather about it and then run follow-up articles,
  we are requesting opinions from those who have shipped software
  products. How do you minimize support issues? What would you do
  differently if could do it over? Is it possible to create a
  program that has minimal support needs? Send comments to
  <[e-mail]> and I'll use them in the article, although I
  probably won't be able to reply to each one individually. [ACE]


**Owners of GlobalFax software** for the Duo Express Modem may
  purchase the Global Village PowerPort/Mercury for the PowerBook
  Duo (see TidBITS-232_) as a $270 "upgrade" if they order directly
  from the manufacturer. Global Village wants to return the
  customer's investment in GlobalFax, which retailed for $129.
  Global Village -- 800/736-4821 -- 415/390-8200 --
  [e-mail] [MHA]


**AOL TCP/IP Updated** -- America Online has a new version of its
  client software, complete with a non-expiring TCP tool. It is,
  however, still in beta, and thus may have problems and is not
  supported by the telephone tech support folks. To become a beta
  tester, send your AOL screen name to MacBeta once you log on. Set
  your FTP client to binary before retrieving the file since it's an
  unbinhexed binary file. [ACE]

ftp://ftp.aol.com/mac/Install_America_Online_v2.5f1.bin


**The Power Macintosh 7100** can display up to 32,768 different
  colors at a 640 x 480 display resolution with 1 MB of VRAM, not
  16.7 million colors, as incorrectly stated on electronic data
  sheets. Apple corrected the error on the printed version of the
  data sheets before distributing them a few months ago, but the
  version on the Apple Reference, Performance and Learning Expert CD
  (ARPLE), and on eWorld has the error. [MHA]


**Jonathan Kurtzman** <[e-mail]> writes:
  There are several interesting things about El-Fish, reviewed in
  TidBITS-231_. Its fish breeding capability, which follows genetic
  rules, is fairly well-known. Less known is something which may in
  the end prove more important, namely that its animation is
  algorithmic and not frame by frame. This is why it is so life-
  like. The program was developed in Russia. The animator emigrated
  to the Boston area where I met him in a computer store. He
  explained and demonstrated for me how he had developed
  mathematical descriptions of the possible motions. This was
  necessary because the program will breed incredibly odd-looking,
  impossible fish, making frame by frame animation impossible.
  Because the fish move by rules, they essentially choose where to
  swim from moment to moment. To prove this wasn't a fluke, he then
  showed me a program of horses trotting which he said he put
  together in a few days. It was eerie to watch the horses run next
  to each other, cross, turn away, etc. While much animation is
  moving toward captured motion (optically, magnetically), the
  potential of algorithmic animation is vast. By the way, he hated
  the straight at you / away from you azimuths (because they look
  squashed) and was upset that they were added to his work. I
  hesitate to tell you how little he was paid.


LaserWriter Taken Off Suspension
--------------------------------
  by Mark H. Anbinder, News Editor <[e-mail]>
     Director of Technical Services, Baka Industries Inc.

  The LaserWriter Pro 810 printer was on quality hold for several
  weeks while Apple investigated an unusual number of problem
  reports, but the company has announced that the printer is again
  available. Users reported problems with fuser life, manual feed
  skew, and print quality. The LaserWriter Pro 810, a large printer
  almost identical to the discontinued Compaq PageMarq printers,
  offers high speed output (up to 20 pages per minute) and high
  resolution (400 to 800 dots per inch), as well as extensive paper-
  handling capabilities and large-format (11 x 17 inch) printing.

  LaserWriter Pro 810 owners whose fusers fail prematurely may
  obtain a replacement at no cost. (The printer's page count must be
  less than 100,000.) The fuser assembly is the component that melts
  the tiny plastic toner pellets onto the paper. Also, users
  experiencing paper skewing and misfeeds when using the manual feed
  may obtain a new manual feed guide. Apple is negotiating for an
  improved toner cartridge to improve overall print quality, and
  will release details as available.

  Other than the toner, improved LaserWriter Pro 810s should already
  be making their way through the dealer channels, and repair parts
  should now be available as well. If you have a LaserWriter Pro 810
  with one of these problems, contact your service provider for
  assistance. Apple customers in the U.S. can call 800/SOS-APPL with
  any questions.

  Information from:
    Apple propaganda


Apple Internet Plans?
---------------------
  by Adam C. Engst <[e-mail]>

  Happily, it turns out that the rumor from Pythaeus in TidBITS-231_
  about Open Transport not being backwardly compatible with MacTCP
  is false. Instead, Apple will support the MacTCP API for some time
  to ensure that current applications don't break. Programmers can
  find information on Open Transport on (although it has been down
  the last few days):

ftp://seeding.apple.com/

  The concern might have arisen, as one MacTCP developer said, not
  because of the MacTCP programmers, who have consistently done the
  right thing, but because of the decisions of Apple's upper
  management, whose ways are mysterious and often plain confusing.

  Shortly after the correction of the Open Transport rumor came
  another rumor about an Apple program, supposedly code-named
  Cyberdog, that integrates existing Internet programs. I have no
  specific information, except that apparently Apple is among the
  companies that have licensed the Mosaic source code from NCSA.
  Cyberdog reportedly comes from Apple's Advanced Technology Group,
  and is slated to ship in the same package as System 7.5 (which
  will also include MacTCP). The world doesn't need an integrated
  Internet program, but it would be interesting to see one that
  works with the excellent existing programs such as Eudora,
  Anarchie, Fetch, TurboGopher, and NewsWatcher. Speaking of
  NewsWatcher, John Norstad just released 2.0b2, an impressive
  upgrade. It's at:

ftp://ftp.acns.nwu.edu/pub/newswatcher/newswatcher-20b2.sea.hqx


**AppleLink Mirror** -- Enough rumors, it's time to both praise
  and chastise Apple for resources they're providing on the
  Internet. In the recent past a number of Internet servers have
  sprung up to distribute software to the Internet community, and
  <ftp.support.apple.com> (also available via Gopher) is now a
  mirror image of the software available via AppleLink and eWorld.
  That doesn't inherently meant that it has everything that the
  other Apple sites have. The problem <ftp.support.apple.com>
  suffers is that because it's an exact mirror of AppleLink and
  eWorld, some filenames aren't standard. Apple suggests enclosing
  such directory and file names in quotes, although that may not
  always work. Apparently FTP clients such as Fetch and Anarchie
  don't suffer from this problem.

ftp://ftp.support.apple.com/pub/
gopher://ftp.support.apple.com/11/pub


**MAE Resources** -- Chuq Von Rospach of Apple recently announced
  three ListProcessor mailing lists and another FTP site designed to
  support users of Apple's Macintosh Application Environment
  (Macintosh emulation for certain Unix workstations).

ftp://abs.apple.com/pub/

  The first list, MAE-ANNOUNCE, is a moderated list to provide
  information and announcements from Apple. The unmoderated MAE-
  USERS and MAE-BUGS are for more informal discussion and bug-
  reporting.

  Since ListProcessor lists work much like LISTSERV lists, you
  subscribe by sending email to <[e-mail]>,
  putting the appropriate ListProcessor command in the body of the
  message (pick one from the list below), and leaving the Subject
  line blank.

HELP
SUBSCRIBE MAE-ANNOUNCE your full name
SUBSCRIBE MAE-USERS your full name
SUBSCRIBE MAE-BUGS your full name

  If you have comments, send them to <mae-
  [e-mail]>. Chuq mentioned that they intend to add
  Gopher, WAIS, and Web services at a later date.


**New Web Server** -- Speaking of Gopher and Web services, Apple
  has had a Gopher server up and running for some time at:

gopher://info.hed.apple.com

  However, in keeping up with the Internet, Apple recently added a
  Web server as well at:

http://www.apple.com

  The Web site has links to other Apple Internet resources and
  information related to Apple (and much more promised).


**Confused Yet?** -- All this sounds wonderful, but when you add
  in the existing FTP and Gopher sites that Apple has had around for
  a while, you end up with a confusing melange of resources. Apple's
  other Internet sites include:

ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/mac/
ftp://seeding.apple.com/
ftp://ftp.austin.apple.com/Apple.Support.Area/
ftp://aux.support.apple.com/
gopher://spinaltap.micro.umn.edu/11/computer/Apple

  Between six FTP sites, three Gopher servers, and a Web site, it's
  downright difficult to figure out where to go for a something
  specific. I don't think it's possible (or even a good idea) for
  Apple to give one group control over all the FTP and Gopher sites,
  but I'd like to suggest that the folks who run Apple's Web site
  take on the chore of making Apple's Internet resources coherent
  and easily accessible from a single place, since Web servers can
  provide links to all the rest. For example, WAIS indexes of all
  files available (descriptions would be nice too) and where they
  live would be incredibly helpful, and if done right, that Web
  server could become not only an incredible resource and an
  indication of how far Apple is willing to go to support its
  customers, but also provide a competitive advantage for Apple with
  large companies that are on the Internet. And hey, then it might
  even fly with the upper management.


Prairie Group Grows
-------------------
  by Mark H. Anbinder, News Editor <[e-mail]>

  The Prairie Group, the same Midwest-based investors who brought us
  PrairieSoft last year (see TidBITS-188_), now introduces Advanced
  Software, L.C., the Group's second operating company. Advanced
  Software, L.C. late last week completed the acquisition of
  InTouch, DateView, and QuickTools from Advanced Software, Inc., of
  Sunnyvale, California. The shuffling allows The Prairie Group to
  bring these Macintosh programs and Advanced Software, Inc.'s
  technical staff to West Des Moines, Iowa, where they'll share
  PrairieSoft's headquarters.

  InTouch (see TidBITS-153_) has been Advanced Software, Inc.'s
  flagship product since its introduction. The $99.95 package is a
  free-form address book and contact management utility. DateView,
  introduced early this year, integrates with InTouch to provide
  calendaring and to-do list handling. QuickTools is one of several
  collections of Macintosh utilities on the market. While none of
  the components is extraordinary, QuickTools provides several
  useful items in an affordable ($79.95 retail) bundle.

  Larry Lightman, CEO of Advanced Software, Inc., had been
  interested in selling the products so he could pursue other
  opportunities, according to Richard Kirsner, president of the new
  company. Paul Miller, PrairieSoft's chief operating officer,
  commented that "the arrival of Advanced Software allows both
  companies to build on each other's strengths in product design,
  development, marketing, sales, and support." The pairing also
  allows the small companies to share some of the overhead and
  infrastructure costs that can be troublesome for young software
  businesses.

  PrairieSoft's products include DiskTop, a file management utility;
  personal scheduler Alarming Events; and In/Out, an electronic
  in/out board for small offices. According to public relations
  manager Sue Nail, The Prairie Group plans to introduce additions
  to each company's product line in the future, as well as updates
  to existing products.

    Advanced Software, L.C. -- 515/225-9620 -- 515/225-2422 (fax)
      <[e-mail]>

  Information from:
    Advanced Software propaganda
    Sue Nail, The Prairie Group


Encryption Quagmire Ahead For Education?
----------------------------------------
  by Alder Castanoli <[e-mail]>

  Recent postings in the Electronic Frontier Foundation forums have
  reported that MIT, ViaCrypt, RSA, and Phil Zimmerman have reached
  an agreement on the encryption system Phil has been distributing,
  called Pretty Good Privacy, or PGP, so that the current version,
  PGP v. 2.6, is available via FTP from MIT. This indicates that MIT
  will probably advocate PGP, rather than the Clipper encryption
  standard being pushed by the Clinton administration. For more
  information on PGP, check out:

ftp://net-dist.mit.edu/pub/PGP/README

  One weekend in May of this year, some of my brother sailors and I
  were stringing cable at a local elementary school, as part of our
  Adopt-a-School commitment. We had to thread the cable around a
  variety of computers and it occurred to me that TCI, who donated
  the cable, is one of the companies seeking to expand the scope of
  telecommunications services they provide. It is likely in the near
  future that same cable we were stringing for educational
  television will be used to link the school to the Internet.

  When considering how Internet access will benefit public
  education, the area of standardized tests (such as the SAT) seems
  a natural candidate for encryption. Teachers could download tests
  in encrypted form and only release the keys to decrypt the tests
  at the beginning of the exam. The students would finish the exams,
  then re-encrypt them with another key. The teacher would download
  the answer sheets, using yet a third key, and there would be less
  likelihood of cheating allegations. (Did anyone else have to
  retake the SAT because the principal didn't believe you knew that
  much?)

  When the practice of downloadable encrypted testing pervades our
  education system, there will come a dilemma for education - do we
  use "government standard" Clipper-style encryption (and might the
  government mandate its use for schools to receive federal
  funding?), or do we use PGP, the encryption standard in use on the
  Internet, now made legally and freely available by FTP from MIT?
  Either way, a group of midshipmen just cost the government an
  expensive four years of education at Annapolis when they got
  caught hacking into electrical engineering exams, and the only way
  to ensure that won't happen again is to encrypt the exams.

  Will education go for PGP or the Clipper standard? That remains to
  be seen, but MIT students already use PGP to digitally encrypt
  signatures and thus authenticate their email messages. If the
  Department of Education adopts the Clipper standard, I anticipate
  a lot of griping about other departments holding copies of their
  keys "to allow for legal wiretaps." Disk space may be getting
  cheaper, but there is little economy in having a bunch of
  computers in Washington D.C. keep track of the crypto keys used by
  elementary schools in Key West, or Anchorage, Alaska.


Your Work On TV? A View From The USA
------------------------------------
  by Susan G. Lesch <[e-mail]>

  The pictures are familiar. Television reporters find online
  messaging easy to quote, and easy for a camera crew to reproduce.
  The Internet boom has TV reporters reaching a critical mass in
  their efforts to translate the net for broadcasting. Turn on a TV
  news program, and hear the text of a message, or watch the camera
  pan an office and then zoom in on a monitor connected to an online
  service or the Internet.

  The list is long. A recent MacNeil/Lehrer PBS report on the
  Clipper chip, coverage of the NRA (National Rifle Association), an
  ABC magazine segment about selling sex online, an ABC News
  "Nightline" special report on privacy, last winter's NBC coverage
  of the Winter Olympics, CNN's May report on email stalking, and
  the same story on a recent ABC "A Current Affair" all incorporated
  direct quotation or representation of text on a computer terminal.
  The author of such a message is often not present, and unlike
  guests on TV talk shows, may not even be aware that his or her
  words have been aired.

  My hope is that this article will defend what rights of
  authorship, ownership, and privacy exist, in the face of
  increasing press coverage of online messaging. To my knowledge -
  and I am neither a lawyer nor a journalist - no case law
  establishes these rules for TV either way. Certainly, the act of
  posting to a public BBS is evidence of the author's intent to make
  the work available to others who access the board. However, it is
  far from clear that such an act gives reporters license to
  reproduce that text without attribution.

  For most purposes, the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, as amended in
  1992, holds today. When anyone creates a written work, whether
  trivial or of great value, he or she is the author and
  automatically receives rights of ownership at the time of
  creation. U.S. copyright extends through the life of the author
  plus 50 years, and affords the rights to copy the work, to
  distribute copies, and to make and profit by "derivative works,"
  such as abridgment, translation and adaptation. (An aside here,
  only about one quarter of the world's 189 countries and 46
  dependencies agree to the Berne Convention covering copyright.)

  I asked the EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) whether posts on
  public paid services enjoy more protection than Internet posts,
  and for verification that online messages are copyrighted. The
  consensus was that a paid service offers no extra protection to
  its authors. Stanton McCandlish, EFF online activist, reassured me
  that Internet postings are instantly copyrighted. Mike Godwin,
  staff counsel for the EFF, wrote, when I asked him about TV
  coverage of online messages, "I regard this as an insignificant
  problem - one that causes no significant harm to the individuals
  involved, at least insofar as their copyright interests go. The
  relevant legal principle is 'De minimis non curat lex.'" This was
  the first of several prominent EFF member opinions I found
  disconcerting - "The law is not concerned with trifles."

  An EFF co-founder, John Perry Barlow, is well known for writing
  and speaking about what he perceives as a dying set of laws
  governing intellectual property (an umbrella term covering
  copyright, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets). Mr. Barlow
  described an "enigma" surrounding digital expression in his "The
  Economy of Ideas," Wired magazine 2.03.

http://www.wired.com/Etext/2.03/features/economy.ideas.html

  He asks, "If our property can be infinitely reproduced and
  instantaneously distributed all over the planet without cost,
  without our knowledge, without its even leaving our possession,
  how can we protect it?" I believe he is wrong to suggest that
  creators of work distributed digitally have no rights of
  authorship. The answer to his question might be to strengthen what
  rights the U.S. gives the owners of such work, rather than to
  encourage the evaporation of those rights. Whether one is a famous
  lyricist such as Barlow - for the rock 'n' roll band, the Grateful
  Dead - or an average person, composing and posting messages
  online, the law protects copyrighted work, and copyrighted work
  must be attributed if quoted.

  It is usual in discussions of these issues to hear strong
  opinions. These include abolishing copyright, defense of the First
  Amendment rights of a writer taking precedence over the right to
  privacy of the individual being reported upon, bitter attacks on
  reporters who have overstepped guidelines, as well as delight upon
  discovering that one's name has been used without one's knowledge.
  Although I believe that defending copyright is critical, for every
  claim to ownership, there appears a cry for enrichment of the
  public domain. For every desire expressed for privacy, there is a
  defense of the doctrine of fair use.

  Debra Young, Corporate Communications Specialist for CompuServe,
  confirmed in a 25-May phone interview that CompuServe upholds
  member copyright on all postings to CompuServe message boards.
  CompuServe does not advocate indiscriminate use of the service's
  vast text base by TV or print reporters. "What we're trying to do
  is protect privacy. If a camera were to pan over a message and
  leave it illegible there is no problem." If it focused on a third-
  party supplied database, permission would have to be given by that
  supplier, since CompuServe is merely the means of transmission in
  this case." She continued, "For the time being we follow basic
  law. However, each situation must be examined to measure its
  social and legal impact on both the online community, and everyone
  else watching." From what I can tell, CompuServe can be commended
  on its ability to state a position on copyright.

  Of all the people I talked to, Gail Ann Williams, Conferencing
  Manager of the WELL, seemed to have the most experience with
  members complaining about reporters using their messages. The WELL
  cannot prohibit people from reproducing its message base, nor can
  it promise to take legal action at the request of a member who
  feels taken advantage of. She said, "If a journalist is careless,
  they will damage their reputation. The prudent journalist would
  take the time to determine the intentions of the author, and get
  permission if it was considered created property. Some people
  think they're talking; others think they are writing and
  composing."

  To quote America Online's surprising Terms of Service, "Message
  Boards shall not contain copyrighted material and anyone posting
  information in these areas thereby consents to the placement of
  such material in the public domain." Margaret Ryan, spokesperson
  for AOL Corporate Communications, made it clear that America
  Online has rules and wants to "protect members' privacy." I hope
  other services do not adopt the America Online model, which is the
  flip side of CompuServe's - the message base and chat areas may be
  reproduced freely as long as screen names are changed or blocked
  out.

  Ed Garsten of CNN's Detroit bureau produced one of the first
  national TV pieces on alleged electronic stalking (27-May-94). CNN
  is an America Online partner, America Online was not mentioned,
  and we agreed he was within even strict interpretations of fair
  use. However, in A Current Affair's rendition of the same story
  (09-Jun-94), America Online was identified on ABC - the interface,
  exact screen names, and email text were legible. Also Donahue's
  CBS shows about America Online were not approved by America Online
  prior to airing.

  CBS-owned WCCO-TV, Minneapolis/St. Paul, has produced a weekly
  feature about online culture for the past year as part of its
  newscasts. To his credit, reporter Alan Cox said, "Not even
  fleetingly would we put private material on-screen," because he is
  aware that his audience has VCRs with pause buttons. But Mr. Cox's
  policy on televising text is based on this erroneous idea,
  "Basically, our philosophy on the Internet is that messages are in
  the public domain." Citing deadline constraints, he said WCCO has
  run messages without permission, with the author's name removed.

  Philip Elmer-DeWitt, Senior Writer at Time magazine, whom I talked
  to regarding a PBS broadcast he produced that quoted net messages
  without attribution, gave this some thought. In an enjoyable phone
  interview on 25-May he decided, "After all the legal rigmarole, I
  suspect that even CompuServe or the WELL, which takes a very high
  moral position on this, will find that if it comes to a court of
  law, that they cannot stop somebody from publishing writing that
  somebody has posted on a public bulletin board. This is my guess.
  But it's _wrong_ for a television program to run this stuff on TV
  without getting permission. It's just bad form."

  Stanley Hubbard, President, Chairman and CEO of Hubbard
  Broadcasting Inc., is one of about 40 people who form the NIIAC
  (National Information Infrastructure Advisory Council), appointed
  by the U.S. Commerce Department to create reports for the U.S.
  government through early 1996. He is a member of the NIIAC
  subcommittee on intellectual property, security and privacy. Mr.
  Hubbard agreed in a 28-Jun phone interview that the difficulties
  arise when TV programs cross U.S. boundaries, and disagreed with
  my stance on the copyright status of some electronic messaging. He
  was intrigued by these questions, and said "We [the NIIAC] are not
  law makers. We are only advisors to the administration."

  TV's interface with online messaging is changing fast as these
  media merge, both technologically, and by shared financial and
  legal interests, like TV Guide / The News Corporation / Delphi /
  Internet and CNN / TIME / Warner / NBC / The New York Times /
  America Online / Internet, to name two huge notable associations
  that already exist. Apparently it is legal for TV reporters to do
  what I've described if authors are credited, and not legal if no
  credit is given. But there are exceptions, like America Online,
  and new precedents are being set. Maybe the watch dogs of the
  industry need to be watched.

  Policy makers, journalists, and key players I spoke with seemed
  ready to defend fair use exemptions for the TV press, and reticent
  to give people posting to the net credit for their work! I was
  astonished to hear an NIIAC member say that the value of the
  average person's postings may not be great enough to disallow its
  use in a broadcast. If a reporter finds a posting interesting
  enough to televise, how can it not have value, is that reporter
  not profiting by it, and is it not U.S. law and good practice that
  the source be credited?

  I am afraid the consequence of becoming accustomed to such use
  without attribution will be erosion of the U.S. right to
  instantaneous copyright. By making simple acknowledgments of
  copyright and authorship, TV reporters covering electronic
  messaging can increase the value of the wealth of information
  stored online - to its owners!


Reviews/04-Jul-94
-----------------

* MacWEEK -- 27-Jun-94, Vol. 8, #26
    Virex Administrator 1.0 -- pg. 33
    TrapWise 2.0 -- pg. 38
    ScanShare 2.0.2 -- pg. 39

* InfoWorld -- 27-Jun-94, Vol. 16, #26
    eWorld -- pg. 160


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